Muhammad Mansur Ali (1919-November 3, 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician who was a close confidant of Sheik Mujibur Rahman, the founding leader of Bangladesh. A senior leader of the Awami League, Mansur also served as the prime minister of Bangladesh in 1975.
Rising to public prominence, Mansur was widely known as “Capt. Mansur.” He left the Muslim League to join the newly-formed Awami Muslim League of A.K. Fazlul Huq and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. He would soon be elected member of the party’s central executive committee and president of its Pabna District unit. Mansur was arrested by police in 1952 for helping to organize protests against the declaration of Urdu as the sole official language, in what became known as the Language Movement. Mansur and his party demanded that Bengali also receive recognition and the provinces are granted autonomy. After his release, Mansur was elected a member of the East Pakistan Legislative Assembly in 1954 as a candidate of the United Front alliance of various political parties. In the cabinet headed by Ataur Rahman Khan, Mansur served in different periods as the province’s minister of law, parliamentary affairs, food, agriculture, commerce, and industry. Mansur was re-arrested in the aftermath of the coup d’etat led by Ayub Khan, who became president of Pakistan and imposed martial law. He would remain incarcerated from 1958 to 1959.